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Why There Is No Military Solution to the Syrian Conflict

Today, as violence intensifies in Syria, external powers, including the United States, are openly debating direct intervention. Such intervention is justified as serving multiple goals at once: it is a means of securing chemical weapons caches; a mechanism to protect the civilian population; and a necessary measure to ...  Read More »

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O.I.L. Monthly Edition (April 2013)

[This is a monthly archive of pieces written by Jadaliyya contributors and editors on the Occupations, Interventions,and Law (O.I.L.) Page. It also includes material published on other platforms that editors deemed pertinent to post as they provide diverse depictions of O.I.L.-related topics. The pieces reflect the ...  Read More »

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Why Domestic Politics Still Matter in Iran’s Nuclear Policymaking

The first round of nuclear talks in Kazakhstan raised optimism on the prospect of reaching a diplomatic solution for Iran’s nuclear crisis. Sanctions are crushing Iran’s economy. Meanwhile, the turmoil in its ally Syria and the rise of Sunni Islamism in the Middle East is undermining Iran’s strategic position. The ...  Read More »

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O.I.L. Media Roundup (April 24)

[This is a roundup of news articles and other materials circulating on Occupation, Intervention, and Law and reflects a wide variety of opinions. It does not reflect the views of the O.I.L. Page Editors or of Jadaliyya. You may send your own recommendations for inclusion in each biweekly roundup to OIL@jadaliyya.com ...  Read More »

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A Non-Nuclear Conversation: An Interview with Iranian Human Rights Campaigner Dr Hadi Ghaemi

Iranian activists, journalists and human rights advocates have been coming under increasing pressure by the Iranian government; at a time when the international news media is fixated on Iran's nuclear program. This week, Malihe Razazan speaks with Hadi Ghaemi, Executive Director of the International ...  Read More »

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O.I.L. Monthly Edition (March 2013)

 [This is a monthly archive of pieces written by Jadaliyya contributors and editors on the Occupations, Interventions,and Law (O.I.L.) Page. It also includes material published on other platforms that editors deemed pertinent to post as they provide diverse depictions of O.I.L.-related topics. The pieces reflect ...  Read More »

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Caught Shopping While Iranian: Diasporic Solidarity and the Globalization of Collective Punishment

In recent years, the Iranian New Year, Norooz, has become a fairly predictable time for US presidents to gesture towards “dialogue” and mutual respect between the United States and the Iranian people, while criticizing the repressive policies and nuclear aspirations of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). George W. ...  Read More »

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Noura Erakat and Rashid Khalidi on US-Israeli Relations: Interview with MSNBC's Chris Hayes

This week US President Barack Obama made his first Middle East visit of his second term in office. It was also his first trip to Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) since coming into office in 2008. The purpose of the trip was to warm chilled relations with Israeli Prime Minister Benyamin Netanyahu, as ...  Read More »

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Reading Poetry in Tehran: The Case of the Forbidden

Sholeh Wolpé, The Forbidden: Poetry from Iran and Its Exiles. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2012.  La redonda, suprema y celestial sandía Es la fruta del árbol de la sed Es la ballena verde del verano At a Chilean food market in Santiago, a young fruit vendor hums verses in praise of ...  Read More »

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Reporters Without Borders Enemies of Internet Report Features Iran, Bahrain, and Syria

[The following report was issued by Reporters Without Borders on 11 March 2013.] The Enemies of Internet -- Special Edition: Surveillance  Introduction: Era of the Digital Mercenaries  “My computer was arrested before I was.” This perceptive comment was made by a Syrian activist who had been arrested and ...  Read More »

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New Texts Out Now: Paul Aarts and Francesco Cavatorta, Civil Society in Syria and Iran

Paul Aarts and Francesco Cavatorta, editors, Civil Society in Syria and Iran: Activism in Authoritarian Contexts. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2013. Jadaliyya (J): What made you put together this book? Paul Aarts and Francesco Cavatorta (PA & FC): We started collaborating in early 2009 on a project looking at ...  Read More »

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Spider Web: The Making and Unmaking of Iran Sanctions

[The following report was issued by International Crisis Group on 25 February 2013.] Spider Web: The Making and Unmaking of Iran Sanctions  Executive Summary With war a frightening prospect and fruitful negotiations a still-distant dream, sanctions have become the West’s instrument of choice vis-à-vis Iran. ...  Read More »

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O.I.L. Media Roundup (February 26)

 [This is a roundup of news articles and other materials circulating on Occupation, Intervention, and Law and reflects a wide variety of opinions. It does not reflect the views of the O.I.L. Page Editors or of Jadaliyya. You may send your own recommendations for inclusion in each biweekly roundup to ...  Read More »

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Joint Statement on Iranian Opposition Leaders Under House Arrest

[The following statement was issued by a group of human rights organizations, including Human Rights Watch, on 14 February 2013.] The Iranian authorities should immediately release from arbitrary house arrest two former presidential candidates, Mehdi Karroubi and Mir Hossein Mousavi, and Mir Hossein ...  Read More »

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عقوبات الغرب على إيران

منذ عقود يُبرِّر الغرب عقوباته المفروضة على إيران بفكرة سردية تفترض أن العقوبات ستجبر الحُكام المتسلطين في إيران على العودة إلى رشدهم وستضع حداً لانتهاكاتهم، سواء خارج البلاد أو داخلها. ويرى الغرب أن تلك العقوبات "الجراحية" تضيّق حبل المشنقة حول عنق الطغاة بدقة متناهية، بشكل سيجعلهم يراجعون بتعقل سياستهم ...  Read More »

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New Texts Out Now: Dina Rizk Khoury, Iraq in Wartime: Soldiering, Martyrdom, and Remembrance

Dina Rizk Khoury, Iraq in Wartime: Soldiering, Martyrdom, and Remembrance. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Jadaliyya (J): What made you write this book? Dina Rizk Khoury (DRK): The 2003 US invasion of Iraq was the chief impetus for writing this book. I had been about halfway through writing ...  Read More »

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Ben Affleck's "Argo": A Movie about a Movie

Argo. Directed by Ben Affleck. USA, 2012. 1. Suspense and Espionage for a New Era As the awarding of the Oscars draws near, one is reminded of what is not being said. The kerfuffle around Zero Dark Thirty's representations of torture has been interesting, but no less than the docile reception among reviewers and ...  Read More »

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Reporters Without Borders: Mourning Mothers Spokesperson to be Jailed for 6 Months

[The following statement was issued by Reporters Without Borders on 17 January 2013.] Reporters Without Borders is deeply concerned to learn that Mansoureh Behkish, a netizen and founder of the Mourning Mothers movement, has been told to report to the sentence application court at Tehran’s Evin prison on 29 ...  Read More »

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O.I.L. Monthly Edition on Jadaliyya (December 2012)

[This is a monthly archive of pieces written by Jadaliyya contributors and editors on the Occupations, Interventions,and Law (O.I.L.) Page. It also includes material published on other platforms that editors deemed pertinent to post as they provide diverse depictions of O.I.L.-related topics. The pieces reflect the ...  Read More »

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Letter Concerning Imprisonment and Maltreatment of Omid Kokabee

[The following letter was issued by the Committee on Academic Freedom of the Middle East Studies Association of North America (MESA).] 3 January 2013 Ayatollah Ali Khamenei Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran c/o  H.E. Mohammad Khazaee Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the ...  Read More »

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Why Chuck Hagel Is Irrelevant

The latest non-scandal scandalizing the American commentariat is whether Barack Obama will be able to nominate former Republican Senator Chuck Hagel as his new Secretary of Defense. The narrative is that the Zionist lobby is eager to scuttle Hagel’s nomination because he has uttered one too many words “critical” of ...  Read More »

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O.I.L. Monthly Edition on Jadaliyya (November 2012)

[This is a monthly archive of pieces written by Jadaliyya contributors and editors on the Occupations, Interventions,and Law (O.I.L.) Page. It also includes material published on other platforms that editors deemed pertinent to post as they provide diverse depictions of O.I.L.-related topics. The pieces reflect the ...  Read More »

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O.I.L. Media Roundup (December 4)

 [This is a roundup of news articles and other materials circulating on Occupation, Intervention, and Law and reflects a wide variety of opinions. It does not reflect the views of the O.I.L. Page Editors or of Jadaliyya. You may send your own recommendations for inclusion in each biweekly roundup to ...  Read More »

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Egyptian Protesters and Imprisoned Iranian Hunger Striker: Interviews with Mona El Ghobashy, Hesham Sallam and Hadi Ghaemi

Egyptians are revolting once again but this time against an elected President: Mohammed Morsi, who just passed a series of presidential decrees giving him near-dictatorial powers. Almost two years after the fall of Hosni Mubarak, Egypt remains mired in major political struggles between the remnants of Hosni Mubarak's ...  Read More »

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Exclusive: Shahin Najafi on the Perils of Being an Artist in Iran

Iranian musician and songwriter Shahin Najafi describes himself as an artist who shows no mercy to any group or any part of the political spectrum. In his work nothing appears to be sacred; his lyrics constantly question political authoritarianism, social injustice, ideological dogmas, and cultural taboos. Shahin ...  Read More »

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O.I.L. Media Roundup (5 November)

[This is a roundup of news articles and other materials circulating on Occupation, Intervention, and Law and reflects a wide variety of opinions. It does not reflect the views of the O.I.L. Page Editors or of Jadaliyya. You may send your own recommendations for inclusion in each biweekly roundup to OIL@jadaliyya.com ...  Read More »

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O.I.L. Monthly Archive on Jadaliyya (October 2012)

[This is a monthly archive of pieces written by Jadaliyya contributors and editors on the Occupations, Interventions,and Law (O.I.L.) Page. It also includes material published on other platforms that editors deemed pertinent to post as they provide diverse depictions of O.I.L.-related topics. The pieces reflect the ...  Read More »

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Oxford Event -- Russian Orientalism to Soviet Iranology: The Persian-Speaking World and Its History Through Russian Eyes (30 November 2012)

Russian Orientalism to Soviet Iranology: The Persian-Speaking World and Its History Through Russian Eyes 30 November 2012 Oxford, United Kingdom  The Soviet Union possessed a long tradition of Iranian Studies, a tradition which it inherited from imperial Russia but transformed to suit its sense of its own ...  Read More »

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Two Iranian Activists Granted EU's Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought

[The following press release was issued by the European Parliament on 26 October 2012.]  Two Iranian activists, lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh and film director Jafar Panahi, are this year's joint winners of the European Parliament Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought. They were chosen by President Schulz and ...  Read More »

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Currency Crisis in Iran; Copts in Egypt

It is no secret that the lives of ordinary Iranians, the wage earners and the poor, have been adversely affected in recent months by the soaring prices of staple goods. The country is now facing a currency crisis, as the Rial has plunged by nearly 60 percent over the past three months. Popular disaffection with the ...  Read More »

Syrian Population Regression

Population: ~ 22.5 Million

2011:  5,800+ (killed)

2012:  60,000+ (killed) and 500,000+ (external refugees)

2013:  70,000+ (killed) and 1,000,000+ (external refugees)

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Syria Map and Stats

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Population: 22,517,750
GDP: $107.4 billion 
Unemployment: 8.3%; Youth Employment (ages 15-24): 19.1%
Internet Users: 4.469 million 
Exchange Rate: ~ 98.00 Syrian pounds per US dollar
GDP Growth Rate: 3.2% 
Military Expenditures: 5.9% of GDP (World Rank: 10)
Health Expenditures: 2.9% of GDP (World Rank: 180)
Population Growth Rate: 0.913% 
Age Structure: 0-14 years: 35.2%; 15-64 years: 61%; 65 years and over: 3.8%
Literacy: 79.6%
Religious Demographics: Sunni Muslim 74%; other Muslim (includes Alawite, Druze) 16%; Christian (various denominations) 10%
Ethnic Demographics: Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%

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