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Jadaliyya's Occupation, Intervention, and Law Page Resonates

Since launching in July 2010, the Occupation, Intervention, and Law (O.I.L) page has made rich contributions to the field of studies examining the Middle East, armed conflict, law, and human rights. O.I.L has sought to explore the relationship between, and the debates within, the fields of armed conflict, ...  Read More »

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Too Close for Comfort: Syrians in Lebanon

[The following report was issued by International Crisis Group on 13 May 2013.] Too Close for Comfort: Syrians in Lebanon Executive Summary  Syria’s conflict is dragging down its neighbours, none more perilously than Lebanon. Beirut’s official policy of “dissociation” – seeking, by refraining from taking ...  Read More »

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Death from the Skies: Deliberate and Indiscriminate Air Strikes on Civilians

[The following report was issued by Human Rights Watch on 10 April 2013.]  Death from the Skies: Deliberate and Indiscriminate Air Strikes on Civilians   Summary Since late July 2012, Syrian government forces have carried out air strikes from fighter jets and helicopters against cities, towns, and ...  Read More »

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Amidst a Violent Conflict, Syria’s Students Struggle for an Education

[The following article was originally published on Tadween Publishing's blog. For more information on the publishing world as it relates to pedagogy and knowledge production, follow Tadween Publishing on Facebook and Twitter.] In a rare public appearance, Bashar Asad ...  Read More »

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Uncounted and Unacknowledged: Syria's Refugee University Students and Academics in Jordan

[The following report was issued by the University of California Davis Human Rights Initiative and the Institute for International Education's Scholar Rescue Fund.]   Uncounted and Unacknowledged: Syria's Refugee University Students and Academics in Jordan  The following is a brief preliminary report ...  Read More »

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إطلال المشتاق أو غريب على الخليج

1 يتسلل التاريخ إلى الجغرافيا المنبسطة على الشاشة الصغيرة أمامي على متن الطائرة التي أسرَتْ بي من برلين إلى أبو ظبي. أو لعلي أنا الذي أبلّل الخارطة الضوئية بأرقي وكوابيسي، فيستيقظ التاريخ ويهتف بالأحمر القاني، مذكّراً بجبروته. فهذه الأسماء، ذات الرنين الموسيقيّ، مثل «ماردين»، التي تقع اليوم في تركيا، تحيلني إلى ...  Read More »

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Widespread Middle East Fears that Syrian Violence Will Spread

[The following report was issued by the Pew Research Global Attitudes Project on 1 May 2013.]  Widespread Middle East Fears that Syrian Violence Will Spread As concern mounts about the Syrian government’s possible use of chemical weapons against its own people, publics in the Middle East – especially the ...  Read More »

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New Addition to the Syrian Islamic Front

The Haqq Battalions Gathering, a militant group in the Hama province,announced in mid-April 2013 that they are joining the Syrian Islamic Front(SIF). This is the first time since the SIF’s creation in December 2012 that an independent outside organization of any consequence decides to join the front. ...  Read More »

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Month-by-Month Summary of Developments in Syria (Updated)

[The following monthly summaries on developments in Syria were compiled and published by the International Crisis Group (ICG). Jadaliyya Reports will update this post each month as subsequent monthly summaries are issued.]  April 2013  Opposition further consolidated foothold in south with seizure of ...  Read More »

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Blurring the Borders: Syrian Spillover Risks for Turkey

[The following report was issued by International Crisis Group on 30 April 2013.] Blurring the Borders: Syrian Spillover Risks for Turkey Executive Summary Turkey has struggled to find the right response to the Syrian civil war, which has brought shellfire, bombs, militias, refugees, sectarian tensions, ...  Read More »

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Aid Inside Syria: Too Little, But Not Too Late

[The following report was issued by Refugees International on 24 April 2013.]  Aid Inside Syria: Too Little, But Not Too Late Two years after the Syrian revolution began, there is much wider recognition of the dire humanitarian needs inside the country, and support for expanding cross-border aid activities is ...  Read More »

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O.I.L. Media Roundup (April 24)

[This is a roundup of news articles and other materials circulating on Occupation, Intervention, and Law and reflects a wide variety of opinions. It does not reflect the views of the O.I.L. Page Editors or of Jadaliyya. You may send your own recommendations for inclusion in each biweekly roundup to OIL@jadaliyya.com ...  Read More »

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A Who's Who of Fighters in Gaza

[The following report was issued by IRIN , a service of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, on 15 April 2013.]  This month, tensions have escalated in Gaza following the first Israeli air strikes since a ceasefire was signed in November 2012. Despite the November ceasefire, which ...  Read More »

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Beyond the Western Saharan Debate

Following the French military intervention in Mali earlier this year in January, and the hostage crisis in Algeria that soon followed, major world powers briefly oriented their regional focus towards the Maghreb and Sahel regions. In the midst of the escalating conflict in Mali, pundits pointed to Morocco’s ...  Read More »

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On Iraq War Revisionism: Kanan Makiya and the Arab Revolutions

Commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the US invasion and occupation of Iraq by those responsible for waging it has taken largely unapologetic form. Donald Rumsfeld tweeted about the “long, difficult work of liberating 25 mil Iraqis,” and that those who “played a role in history deserve our respect and ...  Read More »

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Costs of War

[The following project was created by the Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University. Shown here is a selection of the project's content. Click here to access the website in full.] Costs of War 330,000 Killed by Violence, $4 Trillion Spent and Obligated The wars begun in 2001 have been ...  Read More »

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A Camera’s View Finder Confronts a Gun Sight

[All photos by Mohammad al-Azza.] “We were joking,” said Mohammad al-Azza from his hospital bed, “but I couldn’t take the joke.” My husband and I had called and woken up our friend, a photographer and documentary maker, recovering after an Israeli soldier shot him in the face—and these were his first drowsy words ...  Read More »

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Palestinian Refugees from Syria in Lebanon

[The following report was issued by American Near East Refugee Aid (ANERA) in April 2013.]  Palestinian Refugees from Syria in Lebanon A Vulnerable Community Following their expulsion from Palestine in 1948, many Palestinian intellectuals, businessmen, and craftspeople fled to Syria and ...  Read More »

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إحتلال بغداد: ملف خاص

 في اليوم التاسع من شهر نيسان عام ٢٠٠٣ أسقط جنود الاحتلال الأمريكي تمثال صدّام حسين في ساحة الفردوس أمام عدسات الإعلام العالمي. وأصبحت تلك اللحظة، رسمياً، نهاية نظام البعث في العراق وبداية عهد الاحتلال الأمريكي. ولعل العقد الذي مر به العراقيون منذ تلك اللحظة هو الأكثر تعقيداً وعنفاً في تاريخهم الحديث. ...  Read More »

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بربري في روما

"‫لقد حرّرتُ الملايين من البربريّة." جورج بوش، الغارديان، ١٥ حزيران، ٢٠٠٨‬ ١‬ ‫“هل ستذهب إلى بلدك هذه الإجازة؟“‬ ‫سألتني إحدى زميلاتي قبل سنوات في المصعد قبل العطلة الربيعيّة. وكانت الحرب الأهلية في بغداد أيامها في أكثر مراحلها دموّية. إنه سؤال مشروع، بالطبع، لكن عندما يكون المرء من بغداد، فإن صياغة جواب ...  Read More »

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طعم الحريّة والخيبة

 مشاعر غامضة انتابتني وانا أستمع لأحدى الإذاعات الدولية وهي تقوم باعادة بث لمقاطع من نشرات أخبار كانت قد بثتها قبل عشر سنوات بالضبط، كجزء من متابعتها لمسار تقدم الجيش الاميركي في احتلال العراق، والذي انتهى بسقوط نظام صدام حسين. هذه المقاطع من نشرات الأخبار التي أتذكر جيداً أنني استمعت الى بعضها، أعادتني إلى ...  Read More »

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الشوارع تبكي

‫تتلصص ذاكرتي، البطيئة في النمو، على آذان من سطور الماضي المحمل بأتربة الطفولة، الذي تحول لطين هو الآخر بسبب " طاسات " الماء المنسكبة كل يوم خلف ظهر أحلامي. لفرط خوف والدتي على أحلام بناتها. ها أنا أسير ببطء شديد، أحاول تهدئة بعض الحروف المدونة قرب الارض التي ألتهمها سغب الارصفة. أحاول التمسك بنملة، لأبرحها ...  Read More »

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كتب: علي عبد الأمير عجام: حنين بغدادي

["كتب" هي سلسلة على صفحات "جدلية" نستضيف فيها المؤلفين والمؤلفات في حوار حول أعمالهم الجديدة ونرفقه بفصل من الكتاب]  علي عبد الأمير عجام، "حنين بغدادي" دار الأديب، عمان، ٢٠١٣. جدلية: كيف تبلورت فكرة الكتاب وما الذي قادك نحو الموضوع؟ علي عبد الأمير عجام: حين عدت الى بغداد في نيسان ...  Read More »

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من دفتر الحرب

[ تخطيطات بالحبر الصيني على الورق للفنان العراقي كريم رسن]                    Read More »

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O.I.L. Monthly Edition (March 2013)

 [This is a monthly archive of pieces written by Jadaliyya contributors and editors on the Occupations, Interventions,and Law (O.I.L.) Page. It also includes material published on other platforms that editors deemed pertinent to post as they provide diverse depictions of O.I.L.-related topics. The pieces reflect ...  Read More »

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Iraq: Ten Years Later

“The Iraq war is largely about oil,” wrote Alan Greenspan in his memoir The Age of Turbulence(2007). “I’m saddened that it is politically inconvenient to acknowledge what everyone knows.” It may indeed be self-evident that the United States invaded Iraq in 2003, as the former Federal Reserve chairman says, ...  Read More »

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Announcing The New Issue of Middle East Report Spring 2013

IRAQ TEN YEARS LATER With few exceptions, the rush of reflections on the decennial marker of the US-led invasion of Iraq ignored the fact that the war happened mostly for Iraqis. Already devastated by 20 years of war, sanctions and dictatorship, Iraq suffered another decade of foreign occupation, civil strife and ...  Read More »

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Caught Shopping While Iranian: Diasporic Solidarity and the Globalization of Collective Punishment

In recent years, the Iranian New Year, Norooz, has become a fairly predictable time for US presidents to gesture towards “dialogue” and mutual respect between the United States and the Iranian people, while criticizing the repressive policies and nuclear aspirations of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). George W. ...  Read More »

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Media Mea Culpas and The Iraq War: Co-Editor Sinan Antoon and Others on AJE (Video)

Looking back over the ten years since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, what was the role of the US media in the war on Iraq and how has it portrayed that role since? The following segment from Al Jazeera's "Listening Post" features a number of commentators and analysts, including Jadaliyya Co-Editor Sinan Antoon. ...  Read More »

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Iraqi Tragedy; More than 10 Years in the Making: An Interview with Jadaliyya's Editor Sinan Antoon

19 March marked the tenth anniversary of the US-led invasion of Iraq. Ten years after the invasion and occupation of Iraq, what has changed for the country and its people? To understand the legacy of the war and occupation of Iraq, Vomena's Shahram Aghamir spoke Iraqi poet, novelist and scholar, Professor Sinan ...  Read More »

Syrian Population Regression

Population: ~ 22.5 Million

2011:  5,800+ (killed)

2012:  60,000+ (killed) and 500,000+ (external refugees)

2013:  70,000+ (killed) and 1,000,000+ (external refugees)

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Syria Map and Stats

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Population: 22,517,750
GDP: $107.4 billion 
Unemployment: 8.3%; Youth Employment (ages 15-24): 19.1%
Internet Users: 4.469 million 
Exchange Rate: ~ 98.00 Syrian pounds per US dollar
GDP Growth Rate: 3.2% 
Military Expenditures: 5.9% of GDP (World Rank: 10)
Health Expenditures: 2.9% of GDP (World Rank: 180)
Population Growth Rate: 0.913% 
Age Structure: 0-14 years: 35.2%; 15-64 years: 61%; 65 years and over: 3.8%
Literacy: 79.6%
Religious Demographics: Sunni Muslim 74%; other Muslim (includes Alawite, Druze) 16%; Christian (various denominations) 10%
Ethnic Demographics: Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%

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